ECONOMIC SURVEY OF INDIA 2013. - HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Union Finance Minister P. Chidambaram
on 27 February presented the Economic
Survey 2012-13 in the Lok Sabha of the
Parliament. Economic Survey is presented
every year, just before the Union Budget.
It is a flagship annual document of the
Ministry of Finance, Government of India.
In the economic survey 2012-13, the
government's targeted policies for the
poor, with the prospect of fewer leakages,
can help better translate outlays into
outcomes.
Fifteenth Quarterly Survey Report on
Effect of Economic Slowdown on
Employment in India April to June 2012
Overall employment in June 2012 over
June 2011 increased by 6.94 lakh, with
the highest increase recorded in IT/BPO
(4.44 lakh) sector followed by 1.70 lakh
in Textiles including Apparels, 0.45 lakh in
Transport, 0.26 lakh in Metals, 0.19 lakh
in Gems and Jewellery and 0.11 lakh in
Automobiles sectors during the period. On
the other hand, employment in
handloom/powerloom and leather sectors
marginally declined during this period.
In export oriented units, employment at
the overall level increased by 5.81 lakh
whereas in the non-exporting units, it
increased by 1.10 lakh during the period
June 2012 over June 2011.
The results of the15th quarterly survey
revealed that there was a sustained and
consecutive increase in employment in
the sectors covered at overall level during
the last eleven quarters with a total
addition of 30.73 lakh employment during
this recovery period.
Socio-Economic Profile of States and
Inter-State Comparisons
• Bihar has the highest decadal (2001-11)
growth rate of population (25.07 percent)
, while Kerala has the lowest rate (4.86
percent).
• In 2011, Kerala has the highest sex ratio
with 1084 females per 1000 males,
followed by Tamil Nadu (995), while
Haryana is at the bottom (877).
• The best performers in terms of growth
during 2011-12 are Bihar (16.71 per
cent) followed by Madhya Pradesh and
Maharashtra.
• In terms of growth in per capita income,
the best performer is Bihar (15.44 per
cent) followed by Madhya Pradesh and
Maharashtra due to high growth in gross
state domestic product (GSDP) in 2011
12.
• The poverty estimates indicate that the
highest poverty headcount ratio (HCR)
exists in Bihar at 53.5 per cent as against
the national average of 29.8 per cent.
• Bihar has the lowest MPCE both in rural
and urban areas at 780 Rupees (with 65
percent food share) and 1238 Rupees
(with 53 percent food share) respectively.
In comparison, Kerala has the highest in
both rural and urban areas at 1835
Rupees (with 46 percent food share) and
2413 Rupees (with 40 percent food
share) respectively.
• The unemployment rate (per 1000)
among the major states is the lowest in
Gujarat (18) and highest in Kerala (73)
and Bihar (73) in urban areas and the
lowest in Rajasthan (4) and again highest
in Kerala (75) in rural areas.
• Infant mortality rate (IMR) in 2011 is
the lowest in Kerala (12) and highest in
Madhya Pradesh (59) against the national
average of 44.
• Birth rate is lowest in Kerala (15.2) and
highest in Uttar Pradesh (27.8) against
the national average of 21.8.
• Death rate is lowest in West Bengal (6.2)
and highest in Odisha (8.5) against the
national average of 7.1.
• In terms of decadal growth rate in bank
branches, Haryana (59.5 percent) has the
highest growth and Bihar the lowest (14.4
percent). Even a north-eastern state like
Assam (16.5 percent) is better placed
than Bihar.
Some important poverty alleviation and
employment generation programmes
Mahatma Gandhi NREGA: This flagship
programme of the government aims at
enhancing livelihood security of
households in rural areas by providing at
least one hundred days of guaranteed
wage employment in a financial year to
every household whose adult members
volunteer to do unskilled manual work
with the stipulation of one-third
participation of women.
Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana
(SJSRY): The annual budgetary provision
for the SJSRY for the year 2012- 13 was
838 crore Rupees and of this 516.77
crore Rupees had been released up to 7
February 2013. A total of 406947 people
benefited from this scheme during
2012-13.
Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY):
The scheme provides smart card-based
cashless health insurance cover of `
30,000 per family per annum on a family
floater basis to BPL families in the
unorganized sector with the premium
shared on 75:25 basis by central and state
governments.
The Unorganized Workers Social Security
Act 2008 and National Social Security
Fund: A National Social Security Fund
with initial allocation of 1000 crore
Rupees to support schemes for weavers,
toddy tappers, rickshaw pullers, beedi
workers, etc. has been established.
Aam Admi Bima Yojana (AABY): The
Janashree Bima Yojana (JBY) has now been
merged with the AABY to provide better
administration of life insurance cover to
the economically backward sections of
society.
Status of certain Health Indicators is as
follows:
• Crude Birth Rate (CBR) (per 1000
population): 21.8 (2011)
• Crude Death Rate (CDR) (per 1000
population): 7.1 (2011)
• Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (per woman):
2.5 (2010)
• Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) (per
100000 live births): 212 (2007-09)
• IMR (per 1000 live births) - Rural: 48
(2011)
• IMR (per 1000 live births) - Urban: 29
(2011)
• Child (0-4 years) Mortality Rate (per
1000 children): 13.3 (2010)
• Life Expectancy at Birth (Total): 66.1
(2006-10)
Welfare and Development of SCs, STs,
OBCs, and Other Weaker Sections
• The amount of subsidy admissible is 50
per cent of the project cost, subject to a
maximum of 10000 Rupees per
beneficiary. During 2012-13, the physical
target is to cover over 12 lakh
beneficiaries.
• For the welfare and development of STs,
an outlay of 4090 crore Rupees has been
made in the Annual Plan for 2012-13.
• For economic empowerment of STs,
financial support is extended through the
National Scheduled Tribes Finance and
Development Corporation (NSTFDC) in
the form of loans and micro-credit at
concessional rates of interest for income-
generating activities.
• The corpus of the Maulana Azad
Education Foundation (MAEF) had been
enhanced from 100 crore Rupees in
2005-6 to 750 crore Rupees till March
2012.
• The five communities--Muslims,
Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, and Parsis-
notified as minority communities,
constitute 18.42 percent of the total
population of the country. The plan outlay
for the development of minorities was
raised from 2850 crore Rupees in
2011-12 to 3135 crore Rupees in
2012-13.
• Central assistance is provided to states
for educational development of OBCs.
Under the Pre- Matric Scholarship for
OBCs Scheme, against an allocation of 50
crore Rupees during 2012-13, 35.45
crore Rupees was released to states up to
December 2012.
• Some important schemes for the welfare
of disabled persons include: Scheme of
Assistance to Disabled Persons for
Purchase/Fitting of Aids/ Appliances
(ADIP) and Deendayal Disabled
Rehabilitation Scheme (DDRS).
• The Integrated Programme for Older
Persons (IPOP), aimed at covering 64000
beneficiaries during 2012-13. During
2012-13 (up to December 2012), 8.06
crore Rupees had been released against a
revised allocation of 17 crore Rupees.